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You can consult your own attorney and have them talk to your employer's attorney.

Two weeks to regain what? Your employer must file an H1B petition for you. They can file that as soon as they receive I-140 approval notice. Even with premium processing H1B petition will require 2 to 3 weeks to get approved. After petition is approved you will have to apply for Visa using that petition. After Visa is issued, then you can travel to US.

Yes, same answer. Last action taken on the I-140 matters in this case, which is approval. However, if I-140 is revoked, that will be the last action.

Until I-140 gets approved or pending for 1 year, that is true. Once that happens then your employer can file for extension beyond 6 years. What more information do yo want?

More information is needed.

I-140 receipt date to determine if it is pending for 1 year. Priority date will be PERM submission date. Staying 1 year outside US is applicable if you want to get fresh 6 years. Petition will have to be filed under cap for that purpose. So, for you H1B petition can be filed once I-140 gets approved or in Dec 2015 when it is pending for 1 year.

Yes, assuming I-140 has not been withdrawn by the employer. You can even apply now to get 1 year extension because I-140 has been pending for more than 1 year.

As long as USCIS receipt date for the petition is before last day of work, you can remain in the US without working. Even a few days gap between the two can be okay. Also, request your current employer to hold off the revocation for a month or so. They can I think do it within 30 days.

Last action rule is irrelevant here. In case of H1B transfer, technically there is no transfer, it is just a new cap-exempt petition. So even after transfer is approved, you can remain with the previous employer and never join the new employer.

You can. For getting extension, your employer must be enrolled in EVerify.

Read the OPT policy guidance on ICE website http://www.ice.gov/doclib/sevis/pdf/opt_policy_guidance_042010.pdf